Chapter 6 Using
Internet educational resources in today's information society, the Internet in an unprecedented wave of surging world, profoundly changing the way people learn, work and live. Meanwhile, the Internet is that people exchange information and a powerful tool to acquire knowledge. As China accelerated the pace of educational information, educational resources on the Internet development and use is increasingly being valued by the people. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of Internet educational resources, online information search and access, based on Internet resource-based learning content.
6.1 Internet educational resources
6.1.1 Characteristics of Internet educational resources
we know, the computer network by a number of independent, have the ability to computer exchange of information from the Internet . the Internet is a follow TCP / IP protocol, the small and large computer networks interconnected computer networks. It will spread all over the world networking together is the world's largest computer network.
number of the Internet to communicate between computers, you must follow certain rules, the communication rule is way from one computer to another computer, that is, split the data into a small package, sent by the different communication lines to each other. TCP protocol is responsible for these packets marked with a serial number and receive addresses, IP protocol Work sucked them to the remote host, ie send and receive data packets, and then under the serial number from the TCP to reconstruct the original data.
With the rapid development of Internet technology, its applications and services projects is also growing, the Internet's main application in the field of education can be summarized into the following categories:
online information exchange. In general, communication can be divided into non-real-time communication and real-time communication in two ways. For example, non-letter mail real-time, call in real time. Similarly, the Internet also has non-real-time communication and real-time distinction. in which the non-real-time e-mail is the main means of communication; Internet phone, BBS, etc. is the main means of communication in real time.
online information search. World Wide Web (WWW) is for the convenience of the Internet users search for information or to obtain an information organization, WWW browser is an Internet information resources used to access the tools.
Online sharing of resources. the Internet there are a lot of each other independent public file servers, storage, a variety of text, image, voice messaging and computer programs and other resources for people through file transfer (FTP) functions to obtain. < br> The information on the Internet, the endless, varied, covering almost the humanities and natural sciences in various subject areas. Meanwhile, the network of multimedia information on the hyperlinks connected into a network information again endless chain, which constitutes the following basic features of network information:
infinity. information content on the Internet is widely described as a limited network of unlimited information.
richness and novelty. Since the performance of network information storage and use of hypertext, super- media technology, the network resources is not limited to text messaging, also can include graphics, video, sound, animation, charts, etc..
extensive and disorder. Internet expanded the scope of interpersonal communication, provide a more direct networking opportunities. On the other hand, due to numerous agencies to provide online information, and there is no standardized format for information, the information becomes scattered disorder.
cheapness. Most of the current network information is provided free or very cheap.
need to point out that the network information resources is not a simple replica of the traditional information resources and can not replace the traditional information resources and it is the traditional information resources and exchange of information most exciting and most powerful one to add.
6.1 .2 types of online educational resources
1. the type of network information resources content of network information
colorful splendor, it can be carried out from different angles broad categories:
different according to the information provider can network information into the personal information provided by organizations (government, companies, etc.) to provide information on two categories;
permission to access to information based on different network information can be divided into open two major categories of information and confidential information. Online Much of the information is open, you are free to access, but some of the information set permissions only have permission to access.
information in the areas under different network information can be divided into the following five categories:
(2) Culture class information. mainly include various types of organizations now have Internet access established various types of electronic publications.
(3) research and class information. mainly refers to specialized academic institutions (such as societies, associations, institutes, etc.) and related Web site set up information. including the organization's goals, objectives, membership, major publications, the latest academic activities. and often invites the Internet to study various topics from various quarters Yingcai.
(4) entertainment and leisure class information. entertainment and leisure to be called The area is one of the most successful online, some websites offer travel information, including the tourist city of scenic spots, specialty, folk customs, hotels, restaurants, transportation and other information readily available. With the online bookstore, online ordering and other sites the increase in online shopping has become a fashion.
(5) Policy class information. main government and relevant departments to provide information on the website, including information on organization purpose, business scope, membership, publications, News release; there all kinds of laws, regulations and related policy information, from statistical data in the legislation to be delayed. Such information can be said to be the most valuable part of the information, as from the official, authoritative, reliability, etc. features, but a lot of information is free.
2. Our educational site
China's current rapid development of educational Web site, a variety of educational websites have sprung up, all kinds of education at all levels of play increasingly significant role. Generally speaking, in accordance with the site construction units, teaching function, and object properties, such as integrated elements and put them into the following categories.
1) academic education for college students in the class website < br> Back in 1996 the Ministry of Education approved the Tsinghua University, Beijing University, Zhejiang University, Hunan University, four major universities in Higher as China's first pilot distance education institutions. end May 2002, China launched College degree distance education has reached 66. These colleges and universities set up a network of Education to develop a comprehensive set of recruitment, teaching and management system is carried out by various levels of academic education.
2) independent education institutions offered distance education educational website
was built in 1979, China Central Radio and TV University (
3) common set of synchronous primary and secondary school education website
such websites mainly educational classroom Synchronous features, basic education is an extension of classroom teaching, including lesson plans, exercises and other solutions, content and teaching simultaneously. For example, the North High School Distance Education Network ((
4) training class offered by the ICP website
ICP (Internet Content Privder, the Internet content provider) Web site set up training classes, is usually provided continuing education courses or technical training classes. For example, the En-line (
5) other distance education websites
For example, as teachers of modern distance education platform and window to continue, different needs, separate from the different perspectives on the classification of educational websites. For example:
investors from different educational websites, educational websites can be divided into: Government (including all levels of educational institutions) wholly-owned construction company (business) funded the construction of all types of schools to establish educational sites, personal educational websites, social groups or organizations in the educational sites, and in cooperation by the construction of the site, and other types of education;
considerations from an educational Web site users can be educational websites divided into: comprehensive sex education sites, corporate training and education web site, continuing education and training sites, academic education sites, community organizations, websites and other types of sex education;
different functions from an educational website, educational websites can be classified as: type Higher education education website, synchronous education website, extra-curricular activities kind of education website, education, vocational training class website class website and other types of educational services.
3. American Educational Resources Information Center
U.S. Education Resources Information Center (Educational Resources Information Center , referred to as ERIC), established in 1966, is now the world's largest online education resource database, which at the core of
ERIC ERIC database of educational resources, it contains over 1 million of educational books, magazines, conference papers, research reports, curriculum and instructional records. Here we are shown in Figure 6-2, the main part ERIC home page is described.
Figure 6-2 ERIC Home
ERIC ERIC upper part of the home page The six main sections option, they are:
1, ERIC database search (SEARCH ERIC DATABASE)
readers can easily access this education information on ERIC. Readers can also address
2 , ERIC Resources (RESOURCES)
This is the main part of ERIC. Readers can also address
3, ERIC Publication (PUBLICATIONS)
readers can also address
4, ERIC Education Resources Index ( Ask ERIC)
ERIC educational resources, including the section 13 categories, readers can also address
5, ERIC Abstract (ERIC DIGESTS)
can view the ERIC database has been updated data resources. Readers can also through the Web site
6, on the ERIC (ABOUT ERIC), a brief introduction to the reader the basic situation of ERIC.
ERIC Web site's home page on the left is a list of ERIC resources clearinghouse (ERIC Clearinghouses) directory. information exchange station All educational resources are divided into 16 categories, they are:
adults, livelihood and vocational education (Adult, Career, and Vocational Education);
measurement and evaluation (Assessment and Evaluation);
Community School (Community Colleges);
counseling and student services (Counseling and Student Services);
Disability and Gifted Education (Disabilities and Gifted Education);
Education Management (Educational Management);
elementary and pre- Education (Elementary and Early Childhood Education);
Higher Education (Higher Education);
information and technology (Information & Technology);
language and bilingual education (Languages and Linguistics);
reading, English and Communication (Reading, English, and Communication);
Rural Education and Small Schools (Rural Education and Small Schools);
science, mathematics and environmental education (Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Education);
Social Research and Social Science Education (Social Studies / Social Science Education);
Teaching and Teacher Education (Teaching and Teacher Education);
urban education (Urban Education).
given below for information inquiries by ERIC an example. For example, from the ERIC as shown in Figure 6-3. ERIC returns information indicating that the relevant information has been a query to 1605, each of the feedback information, including: the article information database code (CLEARINGHOUSE_NO), Title (TITLE), author ( AUTHOR), keywords (DESCRIPTORS), Author (IDENTIFIERS), Abstract (ABSTRACT), data source (GEOGRAPHIC_SOURCE), data type (PUBLICATION_TYPE), data date (PUBLICATION_DATE), data availability (AVAILABILITY), Notes (COMMENTS) and data Level (LEVEL) and much more. in ERIC, the database of the document is saved as PDF format, readers can tools such as Acrobat Reader software to read.
Figure 6-3 ERIC query interface
6.2 Network Information Search
6.2.1 Internet information retrieval tools
wide application and development so that the worldwide exchange of information, information sharing a reality, it breaks the limitations of time and space, expanding the human information space. because of lack of unity organization and control of information chaos on the network, cohabitation, in order from a large number of complex, ever-changing ocean of information timely and accurately find and obtain the information you need, is not easy to do. This need to draw types of information search tools.
the so-called Internet search tools, is available on the Internet information retrieval services to a class Web site or server, the retrieved object is present in the Internet information space in various types of network information. < br> In general, network search tools to directory-based tools can be divided into two major categories, and search engines.
one, directory-based search tools
directory type search tool (Subject directory catalogue) by the information management professionals In the extensive collection of network resources and the processing order based on the classification system in accordance with a theme for the preparation of a hierarchical structure to retrieve the directory. in each directory under the category of network resources to provide the appropriate site address, so that users can The directory system of guidance, find related information.
directory type search tool is the main advantage of your network resources through the choice of professionals and organizations can ensure quality and reduce the search in the to improve the retrieval accuracy. However, due to artificial collect and collate information, so have to spend a lot of manpower and time, it is difficult to keep up with the rapid development of network information, the limited scope of information involved, its relatively small size of the database.
created in 1994 yahoo! (also called Home
Second, the search engine
search engine (Search engine) with automatic indexing software to find, collect and indexing web pages, create the database. as a web page provides a search interface to the user for the user to enter search keywords , phrase, or phrases such as retrieving items. instead of the user in the database to find out their questions and return the results of matching records, and sort out their relevance.
when using search engines without having to determine the category, ownership, use more convenient. On the other hand, search engines, there are some defects, such as human intervention is too small to make it less accurate, search results may have many redundant information.
1. search engine works < br> the working process of the search engine include: information collection, storage, processing, handling, and several other parts of the output.
2. search engine search function
(1) This is a general search function
search engine where the basic function. Normally, Boolean searching, phrase searching, truncation searching, field searching, limits and so a general search function to retrieve.
(2) special natural language search function
(Natural Language) Search: Direct use of natural language word, phrase or sentence to search-type questions.
multilingual search: to provide multi-language search environment for the search to choose, the system can retrieve the specified language, and the output the corresponding search results.
case-sensitive search (Case-Sensitive): mainly for search terms containing names, places and other proper nouns in the search.
3. search engine for example: Google
; Google search results page excerpt containing the query keywords content, not just the site profile; Google site page is very simple, it was intelligent, The The most comprehensive image search tool. 5 below.
Figure 6-5 Google site's home page
three, multiple search engine search engine
multiple (Metasearch engine, Megasearch engine or the Unified search engin), also known as integrated search engine, it is multiple search engine integrated to provide users with a unified search interface, and will send a search question multiple search engines simultaneously search multiple databases simultaneously, and then after polymerization, remove the overlap and output search results.
DOGPILE (
Figure 6-6 multiple search engines DOGPILE
6.2.2 Internet information retrieval strategy
contains information resources in all the time changes and updates. In order to accelerate the speed of access to information, avoid or reduce the information retrieval process of the pitfalls, should acquire a certain amount of online information retrieval strategies and skills.
1.
reasonably determine the key words to retrieve the most important concepts should be the key to retrieve words, and should pay great attention to retrieve the keyword synonyms, singular and plural forms, spelling variations, such as a word ending in different situations.
2. by use of appropriate search methods
(1) Category Search
users Click Internet Information subject directory layer by layer, until you find the information you need so far. The method for sorting a clear message to find.
(2) keyword search
when you need to find a specific information, use the keyword to query the search engine's database, usually get satisfactory results.
(3) categories plus Key words mixed on whether the user search
search by category or keyword search hesitate from time to time, using the category plus Key words hybrid search is usually the best choice. Specifically: the first category through the network where to find the required information narrower categories, and then application of key words in the category for further search.
(4) Search multiple engines
general, this is the preferred method of online information retrieval. Applied Multiple engine can speed up the whole process of information retrieval and return to a relatively small independent sites.
3. search results to Process < br> (1) When the search returns too many pages, but not at the top of the page needs a few pages, by changing the words to change your search, use the logical operators AND and quotes and other methods to further reduce the search range. < br> (2) Most search engines are the most requested URL to retrieve the search results displayed in the arrangement of the front, if time allowed, the user need only read a few messages in front of search results can be.
(3 ) When the search is unsuccessful, you should check the keywords for spelling mistakes, whether between the various conflicting keywords. If you still can not successfully search for a search engine can be, because each search tool has the resources to focus may be different.
4. common retrieval techniques
(1) using the search engines to retrieve the required documents and connect to the pages, sometimes find the file you want does not appear in the current screen, Then the simplest way is to use the Find function in the page. The specific method is by Ctrl-F keys, as shown in Figure 6-7, the Find dialog box, enter the keywords you want to find in order to find the current page appropriate content.
Figure 6-7 IE browser The basic components, when needed can in information retrieval, when a connection is not very long on the website, you can try to Find
general, use a good search tool, to take a scientific search strategies and skills, correct application of Boolean logic operators, and are familiar with the search for the domain knowledge to be able to get a more satisfactory search results. < br> 6.3 online exchange and resource sharing
6.3.1
an online exchange, e-mail
e-mail (Electronic Mail, referred to as E-Mail) is a non-real time on the Internet means of communication, but also the application of the Internet One of the most widely used services, it can be fast, convenient and cheap way to complete the communication between users worldwide. current email system is mainly to provide the following services:
�� both text messages can be passed, you can also transfer the sound , graphic or image format information;
�� can also send an email to many recipients;
�� can be very convenient to store (Save), forward (Forward to) the message and the reply (Reply to ), respond to, can have automatically received the original letter attached and automatically fill in the recipient's e-mail address.
�� can subscribe to electronic publications. There are thousands of current English on the Internet, electronic publications and dozens of Chinese electronic publications, much of it is by e-mail subscriptions, and is free of charge, as long as the subscription, you can receive periodic e-mail from the publication.
1.
e-mail address to send e-mail users must be know each other's symbolic links, that is:
user name @ host domain name to provide email services
example, zhangshan@public.jhptt.zj.cn is a valid email address.
general, users need to one on the Internet e-mail service available on the host registered in order to obtain the appropriate email address.
2.
e-mail sending process is similar to the post office or mail server mailbox with features to deliver , store and forward e-mail. In the submission e-mail, the user must fill in the recipient and the sender's e-mail address, when given the instruction to send the message, the message is first sent to the sender's mail server is located in the server then split into one message packet, one by one through the Internet site where passed to the recipient mail server, and finally by the recipient in trust to the mail server computer. Of course, in the process also need a domain name server (DNS) to e-mail address of the domain names into the corresponding IP address. The process is shown in Figure 6-8.
Figure 6-8 the process of sending and receiving e-mail
Second, the online forums: BBS
1.BBS Overview
as a network to exchange and communication between the user one of the main, BBS is an online service, it's English name is Bulletin ...
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